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Asperger’s syndrome is a developmental disorder that is no longer considered a diagnosis as of 2013. The condition is instead considered level 1 autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a spectrum of neurological conditions that can affect language and communication skills.1 Asperger’s syndrome is no longer a diagnosis because it can be hard to distinguish from autism.
People who have previously been diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome generally have level 1 autism. This classification means you have trouble with social interaction and exhibit restrictive, repetitive behaviors. People with level 1 autism require support but typically have mild symptoms.3
It’s important to note that Asperger’s syndrome and ASD are not illnesses and don’t need to be “cured.” People on the autism spectrum have individualized experiences. Read on to learn why Asperger’s syndrome is no longer a diagnosis and how it’s related to autism.
Why Is Asperger’s No Longer a Diagnosis?
Asperger’s syndrome is no longer a diagnosis because it can be hard to distinguish it from autism. Even highly experienced and skilled healthcare providers disagree on cases at times. Part of the reason for this is that the presentation of autistic people can change dramatically with age and over time.2
There also was increasing evidence that Hans Asperger—the pediatrician after whom the condition was named—was a Nazi and a tool of the Nazi party. Experts in the field were justifiably eager to distance themselves from his horrible legacy.4
“There was a lot of controversy among scientists, clinicians, and advocates when Asperger’s was removed from the [‘Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (DSM-5)],” David Mandell, ScD, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Director of the Penn Center for Mental Health, told Health. Some experts wanted more time to study the disorder and distinguish it from autism.
What Is the New Name?
Experts reclassified Asperger’s syndrome under ASD in the fifth edition of the DSM-5. Asperger’s syndrome is no longer an official diagnosis in the U.S. or anywhere else that uses the DSM-5 to diagnose mental disorders.2
The DSM-5 describes that autism exists on a spectrum and classifies the condition into levels 1, 2, or 3.3 Most people who have what’s previously known as Asperger’s syndrome have a level 1 diagnosis. Those with mild autism symptoms may also have the same diagnosis.2
Level 1
Level 1 autism means you require support and have difficulties with social interaction. Those with level 1 autism can communicate and speak in full sentences but often find it hard to respond to social cues. You might not have an interest in social situations or have difficulty carrying a conversation.3
Other symptoms can include:
Difficulties with organizing and planning
Inflexible behavior that impairs function
Trouble switching from activity to activity
Levels 2 and 3
Levels 2 and 3 autism require substantial or very substantial support. Symptoms related to social interaction and restrictive, repetitive behaviors are more apparent than with level 1. These symptoms often significantly impair function.3
Asperger’s and Autism
The biggest indicator of what’s previously known as Asperger’s syndrome in children is an obsessive interest in a single object or topic. Children with this condition may want to know everything about a particular subject.1
Other signs can include:1
Challenges with non-verbal communication
Clumsiness
Repetitive routines
Social and emotional behavior others may think is “inappropriate”
Speech and language difficulties
Trouble interacting with others
Children are also often isolated because of poor social skills and have a history of developmental delays.1 Social skills and communication can present challenges for those with autism in everyday functioning.
Do People Still Use the Term?
Asperger’s syndrome and autism are now considered the same diagnosis under ASD in the DSM-5. The term “Asperger’s” should not be used from a medical standpoint, per the DSM-5.2 It’s fine to use whatever term you choose if you have previously received a diagnosis of Asperger’s syndrome and identify with this classification.
Research has shown that the classification of Asperger’s syndrome under ASD can negatively affect the identity of those who have been diagnosed with it. A study published in 2017 noted that there’s a stigma associated with autism that some people may be concerned with.